Gemstones serve as minerals that undergo cutting and polishing purposes to create jewelry or decorative products. Non-mineral rocks including lapis lazuli, opal, and jade along with organic materials such as amber, jet, and pearl are used for jewelry purposes and considered gemstones. Some softer minerals find use in jewelry despite their low hardness because they possess desirable visual characteristics. Gemstones gain value when they exist as rare specimens. Engraved gems, hardstone carvings along with luxury items such as cups have stood as important artistic forms since ancient times. Professional gemstone workers receive their official titles either as Lapidary or Gemcutter.

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